This International Standard describes the characteristics of thunderstorm warning systems and evaluation of the usefulness of lightning real time data and\/or storm electrification data in order to implement lightning hazard preventive measures.<\/p>\n
This standard provides the basic requirements for sensors and networks collecting accurate data of the relevant parameters, giving real-time information of lightning tracks and range. It describes the application of the data collected by these sensors and networks in the form of warnings and historical data.<\/p>\n
This standard applies to the use of information from thunderstorm warning systems (systems or equipment providing real-time information) on atmospheric electric activity in order to monitor preventive measures.<\/p>\n
This standard includes:<\/p>\n
a general description of available lightning and storm electrification hazard warning systems;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
a classification of thunderstorm detection devices and properties;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
guidelines for alarming methods;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
a procedure to determine the usefulness of thunderstorm information;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
some informative examples of possible preventive actions.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
The following aspects are outside the scope of this standard:<\/p>\n
lightning protection systems; such systems are covered by the IEC 62305 series;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
other thunderstorm related phenomena such as rain, hail, wind;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
satellite and radar thunderstorm detection techniques.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
A non-exhaustive list of situations to which this standard could be applicable is given below:<\/p>\n
people in open areas involved in activities such as maintenance, labour, sports, competitions, agriculture and fisheries or situations where large crowds gather;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
wind farms, large solar power systems, power lines;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
occupational health and safety prevention;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
sensitive equipment such as computer systems, emergency systems, alarms and safety equipment;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
operational and industrial processes;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
storage, processing and transportation of hazardous substances (e.g. flammable, radioactive, toxic and explosive substances);<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
determined environments or activities with special danger of electrostatic discharges (e.g. space and flight vehicle operations);<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
operations in which the continuity of the basic services is very important (e.g. telecommunications, the generation, transport and distribution of energy, sanitary services and emergency services);<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
infrastructures: ports, airports, railroads, motorways and cableways;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
civil defense of the environment: forest fires, land slide and floods;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
wide networks (e.g. power lines, telecommunication lines) may also benefit from having early detection of thunderstorms.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
| PDF Pages<\/th>\n | PDF Title<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2<\/td>\n | undefined <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 7<\/td>\n | CONTENTS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 10<\/td>\n | FOREWORD <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 12<\/td>\n | INTRODUCTION <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 13<\/td>\n | 1 Scope <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 14<\/td>\n | 2 Normative references 3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations 3.1 Terms and definitions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 17<\/td>\n | 3.2 Abbreviations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 18<\/td>\n | 4 Thunderstorm phases and detectable phenomena for alarming 4.1 Introductory remark 4.2 Phase 1 \u2013 Initial phase (cumulus stage) 4.3 Phase 2 \u2013 Growth phase 4.4 Phase 3 \u2013 Mature phase 4.5 Phase 4 \u2013 Dissipation phase <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 19<\/td>\n | 5 Classification of thunderstorm detection devices and their properties <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 20<\/td>\n | 6 Alarm method 6.1 General Tables Table 1 \u2013 Lightning detector properties <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 21<\/td>\n | 6.2 Areas 6.2.1 Target area (TA) 6.2.2 Surrounding area (SA) Figures Figure 1 \u2013 Examples of different target area shapes <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 22<\/td>\n | 6.2.3 Monitoring area (MA) 6.2.4 Coverage area (CA) 6.3 Alarm triggering Figure 2 \u2013 Example of the distribution of the coverage area (CA), the monitoring area (MA), the target area (TA), and surrounding area (SA) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 23<\/td>\n | Figure 3 \u2013 Example of an alarm <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 24<\/td>\n | 6.4 Alarm information delivery 7 Installation and maintenance 8 Alarm evaluation 8.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 25<\/td>\n | Table 2 \u2013 Contingency table <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 26<\/td>\n | 8.2 Evaluation of TWS by using lightning location data 8.3 Fine tuning of TWS by processing archived data 9 Thunderstorms warning systems application guide 9.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 27<\/td>\n | 9.2 Procedure 9.2.1 General 9.2.2 Step 1 \u2013 Identification of hazardous situations 9.2.3 Step 2 \u2013 Determination of type of loss Table 3 \u2013 Identification of hazardous situations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 28<\/td>\n | 9.2.4 Step 3 \u2013 Risk control Table 4 \u2013 Loss concerning people Table 5 \u2013 Loss concerning goods Table 6 \u2013 Loss concerning services Table 7 \u2013 Loss concerning environment <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 29<\/td>\n | Table 8 \u2013 Risk control <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 30<\/td>\n | Annexes Annex A (informative) Overview of the lightning phenomena A.1 Origin of thunderclouds and electrification A.2 Lightning phenomena <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 31<\/td>\n | A.3 Electric thunderstorm and lightning characteristics useful for prevention A.3.1 Electrostatic field Figure A.1 \u2013 Standard lightning classifications <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 32<\/td>\n | A.3.2 Electromagnetic fields A.3.3 Other parameters useful in lightning detection <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 33<\/td>\n | Annex B (informative) Thunderstorm detection techniques B.1 Introductory remarks B.2 Detection techniques and parameters to qualify a sensor B.2.1 General B.2.2 Class A <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 34<\/td>\n | B.2.3 Class B B.2.4 Class C B.2.5 Class D B.3 Location techniques B.3.1 General B.3.2 Multi-sensor location techniques <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 35<\/td>\n | B.3.3 Single sensor techniques <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 36<\/td>\n | B.4 Thunderstorm detectors evaluation B.5 Choosing a thunderstorm detection system <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 37<\/td>\n | Annex C (informative) Examples of application of thunderstorm warning systems C.1 Example n 1 \u2013 Telecommunication tower C.1.1 Step 1: Identification of hazardous situations C.1.2 Step 2: Determination of type of loss Table C.1 \u2013 Identification of hazardous situations Table C.2 \u2013 Loss concerning goods <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 38<\/td>\n | C.1.3 Step 3: Risk control C.2 Example n 2 \u2013 Golf course C.2.1 Step 1: Identification of hazardous situations Table C.3 \u2013 Loss concerning services Table C.4 \u2013 Loss concerning environment Table C.5 \u2013 Risk control <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 39<\/td>\n | C.2.2 Step 2: Determination of type of loss Table C.6 \u2013 Identification of hazardous situations Table C.7 \u2013 Loss concerning people Table C.8 \u2013 Loss concerning goods Table C.9 \u2013 Loss concerning services <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 40<\/td>\n | C.2.3 Step 3: Risk control Table C.10 \u2013 Loss concerning environment Table C.11 \u2013 Risk control <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 41<\/td>\n | Annex D (informative) Catalogue of possible recommended preventive actions to be taken <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 42<\/td>\n | Figure D.1 \u2013 Procedure flow chart <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 43<\/td>\n | Annex E (informative) Example of TWS evaluation on a wind turbine site Figure E.1 \u2013 Lightning activity around the site for a period of eight years <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 44<\/td>\n | Table E.1 \u2013 Results of TWS evaluation based on archived lightning data foran 8-year period (2000 to 2007), when some of the key parameters (size of MA, trigger parameters and dwell time) were varied <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 45<\/td>\n | Annex F (informative) How to test thunderstorm detectors F.1 General F.2 Laboratory tests F.2.1 General F.2.2 Resistance to UV radiation tests (for non-metallic sensor housing) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 46<\/td>\n | F.2.3 Resistance tests to corrosion (for metallic parts of sensor) F.2.4 Mechanical tests <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 47<\/td>\n | F.2.5 Index of protection confirmation (IP Code) F.2.6 Electric tests <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 48<\/td>\n | F.2.7 Marking test F.2.8 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) F.3 Optional tests on an open air platform under natural lightning conditions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 50<\/td>\n | Figure F.1 \u2013 Difference in electric field measurement during one thunderstorm event <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 52<\/td>\n | Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Protection against lightning. Thunderstorm warning systems<\/b><\/p>\n |