1.1 General This Technical Report provides recommendations for the choice and use of cast-in steel lifting inserts, hereafter called ‘inserts’ for the handling of precast concrete elements. They are intended for use only during transient situations for lifting and handling, and not for the service life of the structure. The choice of insert is made according to the lifting capacity of their part embedded in the concrete, or may be limited by the capacity of the insert itself and the corresponding key declared by the insert manufacturer. The report covers commonly used applications (walls\/beams\/columns and solid slabs and pipes). The range of these applications is further limited to prevent other types of failure than concrete breakout failure (cone failure), bond failure, failure of reinforcement or failure in the steel insert. Due to lack of information this report does not cover double shell walls, floor plates and beams for beam-and-block floor systems. The safety levels are given for information and are intended for short-term-handling and transient situations. This Technical Report applies only to precast concrete elements made of normal weight concrete and manufactured in a factory environment and under a factory production control (FPC) system (in accordance with EN 13369:2013, 6.3) covering the insert embedment. This Technical Report does not cover: – the design of the lifting inserts independently placed on the market; – lifting inserts for permanent and repeated use. This Technical Report is prepared based on the fact that the anchorage in the concrete of parts of the lifting assembly is governed by the Construction Products Regulation. Lifting accessories independently placed on the market are governed by the Machinery Directive. 1.2 Types of inserts for lifting and handling This Technical Report applies to the embedment of lifting inserts. Devices made by the precaster may consist of smooth bars, prestressing strands, steel plates with anchorage or steel wire ropes. The system devices may be e.g. internal threaded inserts, flat steel inserts and headed inserts. Lifting loops of ribbed bars are not covered. 1.3 Minimum dimensions This Technical Report applies in general to inserts with a minimum nominal diameter of 6 mm or the corresponding cross section. In general, the minimum anchorage depth should be hef = 40 mm. Wire ropes of diameter less than 6 mm are not covered.<\/p>\n
| PDF Pages<\/th>\n | PDF Title<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4<\/td>\n | Contents Page <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 6<\/td>\n | European foreword <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 7<\/td>\n | 1 Scope 1.1 General 1.2 Types of inserts for lifting and handling 1.3 Minimum dimensions 2 Normative references <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 8<\/td>\n | 3 Terms and definitions and symbols 3.1 Definitions Figure 1 \u2014 Examples of anchorage length for different types of inserts <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 10<\/td>\n | 3.2 Symbols 3.2.1 Action and resistance 3.2.2 Concrete and steel <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 11<\/td>\n | 3.2.3 Inserts 4 Basis of design 4.1 General 4.2 Required verifications 4.3 Design Principles 4.3.1 Limit state design 4.3.2 Ultimate limit state 4.3.2.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 12<\/td>\n | 4.3.2.2 Servicability limit state 4.3.3 Admissible load design <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 13<\/td>\n | 4.4 Verification 4.4.1 General 4.4.2 Partial factor method (Ultimate limit state) 4.4.2.1 Partial factors for actions 4.4.2.2 Partial factors for resistance Table 1 \u2014 Partial safety factors \u03b3s for steel failure Table 2 \u2014 Partial safety factors for concrete and anchorage failure <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 14<\/td>\n | 4.4.2.3 Global safety factor method Table 3 \u2014 Global safety factors \u03b3 used in different National provisions and MD 2006\/42\/EC 5 Actions on inserts 5.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 15<\/td>\n | 5.2 Effect of lifting procedures on load directions Figure 2 \u2014 Examples of handling equipment for slabs Figure 3 \u2014 Statically indeterminate system, only two inserts loaded <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 16<\/td>\n | Figure 4 \u2014 Example of statically determinate lifting of a slab and resolution of forces Figure 5 \u2014 Examples of loads on lifting inserts for walls 5.3 Actions from adhesion and form friction <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 17<\/td>\n | Table 4 \u2014 Examples of values for adhesion and form friction, qadh 5.4 Dynamic actions Table 5 \u2014 Influence of dynamic actions on site <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 18<\/td>\n | 5.5 Combined actions 6 Design of lifting inserts and anchorage in concrete by calculation 6.1 General conditions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 19<\/td>\n | 6.2 Types of inserts covered 6.2.1 Inserts independently placed on the market Figure 6 \u2014 Headed bolts and spread anchors <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 20<\/td>\n | Figure 7 \u2014 Anchors with additional rebar Figure 8 \u2014 Anchor systems with threaded sockets Figure 9 \u2014 Short versions of headed bolts and spread anchors Figure 10 \u2014 Short versions of headed bolts and spread anchors Figure 11 \u2014 Plate sockets <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 21<\/td>\n | 6.2.2 Inserts made by the precaster 6.3 General design 6.3.1 Failure modes Figure 12 \u2014 Failure modes for lifting inserts under tensile loading Figure 13 \u2014 Failure modes for lifting inserts under shear loading <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 22<\/td>\n | 6.3.2 Design procedures 6.3.3 Unreinforced concrete 6.3.3.1 Tensile load Figure 14 \u2014 Concrete cone failure in tension <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 23<\/td>\n | Figure 15 \u2014 Bond failure in tension 6.3.3.2 Shear load Figure 16 \u2014 Concrete edge failure in shear <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 24<\/td>\n | Figure 17 \u2014 Local crushing and flexural failure 6.3.4 Reinforced concrete 6.3.4.1 Tensile load Figure 18 \u2014 Effect of large foot <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 25<\/td>\n | Figure 19 \u2014 Anchorage reinforcement 6.3.4.2 Shear load Figure 20 \u2014 Reinforcement for the prevention of concrete edge failure <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 26<\/td>\n | 6.4 Lifting inserts 6.4.1 General design Figure 21 \u2014 Flow of forces on lifting inserts 6.4.2 Lifting loops of smooth bars <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 27<\/td>\n | Figure 22 \u2014 Typical geometry of lifting loops of smooth bars Table 6 \u2014 Capacity reduction factor for lifting loops of smooth bars depending on the lifting hook dimension Figure 23 \u2014 Loading angle for lifting loops <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 28<\/td>\n | 6.4.3 Lifting loops of strands Figure 24 \u2014 Typical geometry of lifting loops of strands Table 7 \u2014 Reduction factor for lifting loops made of bundled strands with sleeves 6.4.4 Lifting loops of steel wire ropes <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 29<\/td>\n | Figure 25 \u2014 Typical geometry of lifting loops of steel wire ropes 6.5 Lifting of walls and linear elements 6.5.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 30<\/td>\n | 6.5.2 Minimum thickness of wall or element 6.5.3 Anchorage reinforcement Figure 26 \u2014 Examples of anchorage reinforcement for insufficient anchorage length of the insert <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 31<\/td>\n | Figure 27 \u2014 Examples of reinforcement for combined axial and shear load* Figure 28 \u2014 Examples of lifting inserts in a wall with supplementary tilting reinforcement for transverse shear loads <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 32<\/td>\n | Figure 29 \u2014 Typical anchorage reinforcement in walls for shear and tension 6.6 Lifting of slabs and pipes 6.6.1 Minimum edge distances 6.6.2 Anchorage reinforcement <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 33<\/td>\n | Figure 30 \u2014 Examples of increasing concrete cone capacity 7 Design of lifting inserts and anchorage in concrete by testing 7.1 General conditions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 34<\/td>\n | 7.2 Specification of specimens 7.2.1 Areas of application 7.2.2 Design of test specimen Table 8 \u2014 Typical test specimen simulating different areas of application Figure 31 \u2014 Example of a test set-up for inserts under tension load and combined tension and shear load <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 35<\/td>\n | Figure 32 \u2014 Example of a test set-up for inserts under tension load in a pipe Figure 33 \u2014 Examples of test set-ups for inserts under tension load and shear load in a wall <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 36<\/td>\n | Figure 34 \u2014 Examples of transverse shear test set-ups 7.2.3 Age of concrete specimen at testing 7.2.4 Specification of inserts 7.3 Loading conditions 7.3.1 Load and support conditions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 37<\/td>\n | 7.3.2 Loading history 7.3.3 Measurements 7.4 Test programs 7.4.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 38<\/td>\n | 7.4.2 Tests to verify prior knowledge 7.4.3 Tests utilizing no prior knowledge \u2014 Determination of properties for one insert used for specific applications 7.5 Assessment of the test results 7.6 Test report 7.6.1 General information <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 39<\/td>\n | 7.6.2 Test members 7.6.3 Installation of the insert 7.6.4 Measured values <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 40<\/td>\n | 7.6.5 Evaluation report 8 Lifting and handling instructions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 41<\/td>\n | Annex A (informative) Information to be given by the insert supplier A.1 Information on the content of an operational manual A.1.1 General technical introduction A.1.2 Documentation of the lifting anchor <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 42<\/td>\n | A.1.3 Documentation of the lifting key <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 43<\/td>\n | A.1.4 Documentation of accessories <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 44<\/td>\n | Annex B (informative) Use of Supplier\u2019s recommendations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 45<\/td>\n | Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Design and use of inserts for lifting and handling of precast concrete elements<\/b><\/p>\n |