{"id":126411,"date":"2024-10-19T05:36:39","date_gmt":"2024-10-19T05:36:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/uncategorized\/bs-en-iec-634612024\/"},"modified":"2024-10-24T23:19:55","modified_gmt":"2024-10-24T23:19:55","slug":"bs-en-iec-634612024","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/publishers\/bsi\/bs-en-iec-634612024\/","title":{"rendered":"BS EN IEC 63461:2024"},"content":{"rendered":"
IEC 63461:2024 applies to laboratory model tests of any type of Pelton hydraulic turbine with unit power greater than 5 MW. It contains the rules governing test conduct and provides measures to be taken if any phase of the tests is disputed. The main objectives of this document are: – to define the terms and quantities used; – to specify methods of testing and of measuring the quantities involved, in order to ascertain the hydraulic performance of the model; – to specify the methods of computation of results and of comparison with guarantees; – to determine if the contract guarantees that fall within the scope of this document have been fulfilled; – and to define the extent, content and structure of the final report. Full application of the procedures herein described is not generally justified for machines with smaller power. Nevertheless, this document can be used for such machines by agreement between the purchaser and the supplier.<\/p>\n
PDF Pages<\/th>\n | PDF Title<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
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2<\/td>\n | undefined <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
5<\/td>\n | Annex ZA (normative)Normative references to international publicationswith their corresponding European publications <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
6<\/td>\n | English CONTENTS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
13<\/td>\n | FOREWORD <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
15<\/td>\n | 1 Scope <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
16<\/td>\n | 2 Normative references 3 Terms, definitions, symbols and units 3.1 General 3.2 Terms and definitions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
18<\/td>\n | 3.3 Units 3.4 Terms, definitions, symbols and units 3.4.1 List by topics <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
19<\/td>\n | 3.4.2 Subscripts and symbols <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
20<\/td>\n | 3.4.3 Geometry Figures Figure 1 \u2013 Schematic representation of a Pelton machine <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
21<\/td>\n | 3.4.4 Physical quantities and properties Figure 2 \u2013 Reference diameter and bucket width <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
22<\/td>\n | 3.4.5 Discharge, velocity and speed 3.4.6 Pressure <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
23<\/td>\n | 3.4.7 Specific energy 3.4.8 Height and head Figure 3 \u2013 Reference level of a Pelton machine <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
24<\/td>\n | 3.4.9 Power and torque <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
25<\/td>\n | Figure 4 \u2013 Flux diagram for power <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
26<\/td>\n | 3.4.10 Efficiency 3.4.11 Fluctuating quantities <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
28<\/td>\n | Figure 5 \u2013 Illustration of some definitions related to oscillating quantities <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
29<\/td>\n | 3.4.12 Fluid dynamics and scaling 3.4.13 Dimensionless terms and definitions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
30<\/td>\n | 3.4.14 Additional performance data 4 Physical properties 4.1 General 4.2 Acceleration due to gravity <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
31<\/td>\n | 4.3 Physical properties of water 4.3.1 Density of water Figure 6 \u2013 Acceleration due to gravity g (m \uf020s-2) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
33<\/td>\n | Tables Table 1 \u2013 Coefficients of the Herbst and Roegener formula <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
34<\/td>\n | 4.3.2 Kinematic viscosity 4.3.3 Vapour pressure Figure 7 \u2013 Density of distilled water \u03c1wd (kg \uf0d7 m\u22123) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
35<\/td>\n | 4.4 Physical conditions of atmosphere 4.4.1 Density of dry air 4.4.2 Ambient pressure 4.5 Density of mercury <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
36<\/td>\n | 5 Requirements of tests 5.1 Requirement of test installation and model 5.1.1 Choice of laboratory 5.1.2 Test installation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
37<\/td>\n | 5.1.3 Model requirements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
38<\/td>\n | Figure 8 \u2013 Example for homology limits for wetted parts of a vertical Pelton turbine Figure 9 \u2013 Example for homology limit for wetted parts of a horizontal Pelton turbine <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
39<\/td>\n | 5.2 Dimensional check of model and prototype 5.2.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
40<\/td>\n | 5.2.2 Explanation of terms used for model and prototype 5.2.3 Purpose of dimensional checks 5.2.4 General rules <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
41<\/td>\n | 5.2.5 Procedure Figure 10 \u2013 Procedure for dimensional checks, comparison of results “steel to steel”and application of tolerances for model and prototype <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
42<\/td>\n | 5.2.6 Methods <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
43<\/td>\n | Figure 11 \u2013 Pelton turbine: example of dimensions to be checked on the distributor and the housing of vertical and horizontal shaft machines <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
44<\/td>\n | Figure 12 \u2013 Pelton turbine: example of dimensions to be checked on the buckets and nozzles <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
45<\/td>\n | 5.2.7 Accuracy of measurements 5.2.8 Dimensions of model and prototype to be checked <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
47<\/td>\n | 5.2.9 Permissible maximum deviations in geometrical similarity between prototype and model Table 2 \u2013 Permissible maximum deviations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
48<\/td>\n | 5.2.10 Surface waviness and roughness <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
49<\/td>\n | Figure 13 \u2013 Definition of waviness and surface roughness <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
50<\/td>\n | 5.3 Test procedures 5.3.1 Organization of tests Table 3 \u2013 Maximum recommended prototype surface roughness Ra <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
52<\/td>\n | 5.3.2 Inspections and calibrations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
54<\/td>\n | 5.3.3 Execution of tests <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
58<\/td>\n | 5.3.4 Faults and repetition of tests <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
59<\/td>\n | 5.3.5 Preliminary test report 5.3.6 Final test report 6 Data acquisition 6.1 Data acquisition and data processing 6.1.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
60<\/td>\n | 6.1.2 General requirements 6.1.3 Data acquisition <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
61<\/td>\n | Figure 14 \u2013 Time multiplexing data acquisition system Figure 15 \u2013 Bus operated data acquisition system <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
62<\/td>\n | 6.1.4 Component requirements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
63<\/td>\n | Figure 16 \u2013 Time delay Figure 17 \u2013 Typical low-pass filter attenuation characteristics <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
65<\/td>\n | 6.1.5 Check of the data acquisition system <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
66<\/td>\n | Figure 18 \u2013 Different measurement chains and their recommended checkpoints <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
67<\/td>\n | 6.2 Data acquisition and processing for measurement of fluctuating quantities 6.2.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
68<\/td>\n | 6.2.2 Data acquisition Figure 19 \u2013 Typical data acquisition system <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
69<\/td>\n | Figure 20 \u2013 Frequency response of analogue anti-aliasing filter <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
70<\/td>\n | 6.2.3 Data processing <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
71<\/td>\n | 6.3 Error analysis 6.3.1 Definitions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
73<\/td>\n | 6.3.2 Determination of uncertainties in model tests <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
74<\/td>\n | Figure 21 \u2013 Example of calibration curve <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
75<\/td>\n | Table 4 \u2013 Summary of errors that determine total measurement uncertainty <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
78<\/td>\n | 7 Methods of measurement 7.1 Discharge measurement 7.1.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
79<\/td>\n | 7.1.2 Choice of the method of measurement 7.1.3 Accuracy of measurement <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
80<\/td>\n | 7.1.4 Primary methods <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
81<\/td>\n | 7.1.5 Secondary methods <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
84<\/td>\n | 7.2 Pressure measurement 7.2.1 General 7.2.2 Choice of pressure-measuring section <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
85<\/td>\n | 7.2.3 Pressure taps and connecting lines <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
86<\/td>\n | Figure 22 \u2013 Examples of pressure taps <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
87<\/td>\n | Figure 23 \u2013 Types of pressure manifolds <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
88<\/td>\n | 7.2.4 Apparatus for pressure measurement <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
89<\/td>\n | Table 5 \u2013 Examples of experimental setup of liquid column manometers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
92<\/td>\n | Figure 24 \u2013 Dead weight manometer with compensation by pressure or force transducer (example of experimental set-up) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
93<\/td>\n | Figure 25 \u2013 Pressure weighbeam (example of experimental set-up) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
94<\/td>\n | 7.2.5 Calibration of pressure measurement apparatus <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
95<\/td>\n | 7.2.6 Vacuum measurements 7.2.7 Uncertainty in pressure measurements 7.3 Free water level measurement (see also ISO 4373) 7.3.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
96<\/td>\n | 7.3.2 Choice of water level measuring sections 7.3.3 Number of measuring points in a measuring section 7.3.4 Measuring methods Figure 26 \u2013 Stilling well <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
97<\/td>\n | 7.3.5 Uncertainty in free water level measurement Figure 27 \u2013 Point and hook gauges <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
98<\/td>\n | 7.4 Shaft torque measurement 7.4.1 General 7.4.2 Methods of torque measurement <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
99<\/td>\n | 7.4.3 Methods of absorbing\/generating power 7.4.4 Layout of arrangement <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
100<\/td>\n | Figure 28 \u2013 Balance arrangement Table 6 \u2013 Nomenclature for Figure 28 to Figure 33 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
101<\/td>\n | Figure 29 \u2013 Balance arrangement with two separate frames Figure 30 \u2013 Arrangement with machine bearings and seals not in balance <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
102<\/td>\n | Figure 31 \u2013 Arrangement using a torquemeter Figure 32 \u2013 Arrangement using a torquemeter with machine bearings and seals in balance <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
103<\/td>\n | 7.4.5 Checking of system Figure 33 \u2013 Arrangement using a torquemeter with machine bearings and seals not in balance <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
104<\/td>\n | 7.4.6 Calibration 7.4.7 Uncertainty in torque measurement (at a confidence level of 95 %) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
106<\/td>\n | 7.5 Rotational speed measurement 7.5.1 General 7.5.2 Methods of speed measurement 7.5.3 Checking 7.5.4 Uncertainty of measurement 8 Test execution and results 8.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
107<\/td>\n | 8.2 Determination of E 8.2.1 General 8.2.2 Determination of the specific hydraulic energy E <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
109<\/td>\n | Figure 34 \u2013 Example showing main elevations, heights and reference levels of the test rig and model machine <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
110<\/td>\n | 8.2.3 Simplified formulae for E <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
112<\/td>\n | 8.3 Determination of power and efficiency 8.3.1 Hydraulic power Figure 35 \u2013 Pelton turbines with horizontal axis: determination of specific hydraulic energy of the machine <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
113<\/td>\n | 8.3.2 Mechanical power 8.3.3 Hydraulic efficiency <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
114<\/td>\n | 8.4 Hydraulic similitude 8.4.1 Theoretical basic requirements and similitude numbers 8.4.2 Conditions for hydraulic similitude as used in this document Table 7 \u2013 Similitude numbers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
115<\/td>\n | 8.4.3 Similitude requirements for various types of model tests 8.4.4 Reynolds similitude 8.4.5 Froude similitude 8.4.6 Other similitude conditions – Weber number Table 8 \u2013 Similitude requirements for various types of model tests <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
116<\/td>\n | 8.5 Test conditions 8.5.1 Determination of test conditions 8.5.2 Minimum values for model size and test conditions to be fulfilled <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
117<\/td>\n | 8.5.3 Stability and fluctuations during measurements 8.5.4 Adjustment of the operating point 8.6 Computation and presentation of test results 8.6.1 General Table 9 \u2013 Minimum values for model size and test parameters <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
118<\/td>\n | 8.6.2 Power, discharge and efficiency in the guarantee range Figure 36 \u2013 Pelton model turbine: performance hill diagram (example for a six-nozzle machine) Table 10 \u2013 Variables defining the operating point of a machine <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
120<\/td>\n | Figure 37 \u2013 Three-dimensional surface of hydraulic efficiency and curves of performance at EnD constant <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
122<\/td>\n | 8.6.3 Computation of steady-state runaway speed and discharge Figure 38 \u2013 Runaway curves for a six-nozzle Pelton turbine Figure 39 \u2013 Runaway speed determined by extrapolation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
123<\/td>\n | 9 Nature and extent of guarantees related to hydraulic performance 9.1 General 9.1.1 Design data and coordination <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
124<\/td>\n | 9.1.2 Definition of the hydraulic performance guarantees 9.1.3 Guarantees of correlated quantities 9.1.4 Form of guarantees <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
125<\/td>\n | 9.2 Main hydraulic performance guarantees verifiable by model test 9.2.1 Guaranteed quantities for any machine 9.2.2 Specific application 9.3 Guarantees not verifiable by model test 9.3.1 Guarantees on cavitation erosion 9.3.2 Guarantees on maximum momentary overspeed and maximum momentary pressure rise <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
126<\/td>\n | 9.3.3 Guarantees covering noise and vibration 9.3.4 Measurements not covered by this document 9.4 Comparison with guarantees 9.4.1 General 9.4.2 Interpolation curve and total uncertainty bandwidth <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
127<\/td>\n | 9.4.3 Power, discharge and\/or specific hydraulic energy and efficiency in the guarantee range Figure 40 \u2013 Measured hydraulic efficiency compared to guarantee point <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
128<\/td>\n | 9.4.4 Prototype mechanical losses 9.4.5 Runaway speed and discharge Figure 41 \u2013 Comparison between guarantees and measurements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
129<\/td>\n | 9.4.6 Penalty and premium 10 Additional performance data \u2013 Methods of measurement and results 10.1 Additional data measurement 10.1.1 General Figure 42 \u2013 Pelton turbine runaway speed and discharge curves: comparison between guarantees and measurements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
130<\/td>\n | 10.1.2 Test conditions and test procedures 10.1.3 Uncertainty in measurements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
131<\/td>\n | 10.1.4 Model to prototype conversion 10.2 Hydraulic loads on control components 10.2.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
132<\/td>\n | 10.2.2 Pelton needle force and deflector torque <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
134<\/td>\n | Figure 43 \u2013 Pelton needle force factor as a function of relative needle stroke <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
135<\/td>\n | 10.3 Influence of tail water level 10.4 Testing in an extended operating range 10.4.1 General 10.4.2 Scope of tests <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
136<\/td>\n | 10.4.3 Methods of testing in the extended operating range <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
137<\/td>\n | 10.5 Differential pressure measurement in view of prototype index test 10.5.1 General 10.5.2 Purpose of test 10.5.3 Execution of test <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
138<\/td>\n | 10.5.4 Analysis of test results Figure 44 \u2013 Example of pressure tap location for index test Figure 45 \u2013 Example of graphical representation of index test data <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
139<\/td>\n | 10.5.5 Transposition to prototype conditions 10.5.6 Uncertainty 10.6 Nozzle flow discharge calibration in view of prototype index test <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
140<\/td>\n | Annexes Annex A (informative) Dimensionless terms <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
141<\/td>\n | Table A.1 \u2013 Dimensionless terms <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
142<\/td>\n | Annex B (normative) Physical properties, data Table B.1 \u2013 Acceleration due to gravity g (m\u00b7s\u22122) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
143<\/td>\n | Table B.2 \u2013 Density of distilled water \u03c1wd (kg\u00b7m\u22123) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
145<\/td>\n | Table B.3 \u2013 Kinematic viscosity of distilled water \u03bd (m2\u00b7s\u22121) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
146<\/td>\n | Table B.4 \u2013 Vapour pressure of distilled water pva (Pa) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
147<\/td>\n | Table B.5 \u2013 Density of dry air \u03c1a (kg\u00b7m\u22123) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
148<\/td>\n | Table B.6 \u2013 Ambient pressure pamb (Pa) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
149<\/td>\n | Table B.7 \u2013 Density of mercury \u03c1Hg (kg\u00b7m\u22123) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
150<\/td>\n | Annex C (informative) Summarized test and calculation procedure C.1 General C.2 Agreements to be reached prior to testing <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
151<\/td>\n | C.3 Model, test facility and instrumentation C.3.1 Model manufacture and dimensional checks C.3.2 Test facility instrumentation and data acquisition system C.4 Tests and calculation of the model values C.4.1 Test types C.4.2 Measurement of the main quantities during the test <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
152<\/td>\n | C.4.3 Uncertainty of the measured quantities C.4.4 Calculation of the quantities related to the main hydraulic performance C.4.5 Calculation of the dimensionless factors or coefficients and of the Thoma number C.5 Calculation of prototype quantities <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
153<\/td>\n | C.6 Plotting of model or prototype results C.7 Comparison with the guarantees C.8 Final protocol C.9 Final test report <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
154<\/td>\n | Annex D (normative) Computation of the prototype runaway characteristics taking into account friction and windage losses of the unit Figure D.1 \u2013 Determination of the maximum runaway speed of the prototype taking into account the friction and windage losses of the unit <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
155<\/td>\n | Annex E (informative) Example of determination of the best smooth curve: method of separate segments E.1 General E.2 Principle of the method <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
156<\/td>\n | Figure E.1 \u2013 Principle of the method of separate segments Figure E.2 \u2013 Example of determination of intervals <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
157<\/td>\n | E.3 Choice of the minimum width of the intervals E.4 Determination of the intervals <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
158<\/td>\n | Annex F (informative) Examples of analysis of sources of error and uncertainty evaluation F.1 General F.2 Example of analysis of sources of error and of uncertainty evaluation in the measurement of a physical quantity F.2.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
159<\/td>\n | F.2.2 Errors arising during calibration <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
160<\/td>\n | F.2.3 Errors arising during the tests <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
161<\/td>\n | F.3 Example of calculation of uncertainty due to systematic errors in the determination of the specific hydraulic energy, mechanical runner power and hydraulic efficiency F.3.1 General F.3.2 Discharge F.3.3 Pressure F.3.4 Specific hydraulic energy <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
162<\/td>\n | F.3.5 Power <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
163<\/td>\n | F.3.6 Hydraulic efficiency <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
164<\/td>\n | Annex G (normative) The scale effect on hydraulic efficiency for Pelton turbines G.1 General G.2 Similarity considerations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
165<\/td>\n | Figure G.1 \u2013 Influence of Froude number Table G.1 \u2013 Numerical data for surface tension \u03c3* <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
166<\/td>\n | G.3 Transposition formula Figure G.2 \u2013 Influence of Weber number Figure G.3 \u2013 Influence of Reynolds number <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
167<\/td>\n | Annex H (normative) Analysis of random errors for a test at constant operating conditions H.1 General H.2 Standard deviation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
168<\/td>\n | H.3 Confidence levels H.4 Student’s t distribution Table H.1 \u2013 Confidence levels <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
169<\/td>\n | H.5 Maximum permissible value of uncertainty due to random errors Table H.2 \u2013 Values of Student’s t <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
170<\/td>\n | H.6 Example of calculation Table H.3 \u2013 Computation of the estimated standard deviation and the uncertainty for eight observations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
171<\/td>\n | Annex I (informative) Flux diagram of specific hydraulic energy and power Figure I.1 \u2013 Turbine <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
173<\/td>\n | Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Pelton hydraulic turbines. Model acceptance tests<\/b><\/p>\n |