A buildup of static electricity can be a considerable hazard, as it can discharge through the air and ignite flammable vapors and dust. NFPA 77: Recommended Practice on Static Electricity provides important information on evaluating and controlling static electric hazards to help protect those working where these hazards might be present. NFPA 77 offers guidance on how to: Eliminate static electric charges by bonding and grounding. Manage static electricity where ignitable dusts or vapors are present. Manage the flow rates and flow velocities of liquids when they are transferred. This Recommended Practice covers industries as diverse as chemical processing, petroleum refining, printing, and calendaring. It includes answers to questions about properly bonding and grounding a container, and how to determine whether a static electricity hazard poses a risk. NFPA 77 has been updated to reflect some important changes: It has been completely reorganized by dividing some of the chapters into smaller, more cohesive units. In Chapter 5, the descriptions of the mechanisms by which static electric charges are formed have been simplified. The section on flexible intermediate bulk containers (FIBCs) has been completely rewritten to comport with international standard IEC 61340-4-4, Standard Test Methods for Specific Applications — Electrostatic Classification of Flexible Intermediate Bulk Containers. The section on static electric hazards in bulk storage tanks has been completely revised to incorporate international standard IEC 60079-32, Explosive Atmospheres — Part 32.2: Electrostatic Hazards. To prevent ignition of flammable vapors, dust, and particulates, you’ll need to get your hands on the gold standard of static electricity safety.<\/p>\n
| PDF Pages<\/th>\n | PDF Title<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2<\/td>\n | Important Notices and Disclaimers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 3<\/td>\n | Additional Notices and Disclaimers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 4<\/td>\n | 2.1 General 2.2 NFPA Publications <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 8<\/td>\n | Chapter 1 Administration 1.1 Scope 1.2 Purpose 1.3 Application (Reserved) 1.4 Equivalency 1.5 Symbols, Units, and Formulas Chapter 2 Referenced Publications 2.3 Other Publications <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 9<\/td>\n | 2.4 References for Extracts in Recommendations Sections Chapter 3 Definitions 3.1 General 3.2 NFPA Official Definitions 3.3 General Definitions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 11<\/td>\n | Chapter 4 Units and Symbols of Measure 4.1 Units (Reserved) 4.2 Symbols <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 12<\/td>\n | Chapter 5 Fundamentals of Static Electricity 5.1 General 5.2 Separation of Charge by Contact of Materials 5.3 Charging by Induction <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 14<\/td>\n | 5.4 Accumulation and Dissipation of Charge <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 15<\/td>\n | 5.5 Discharge of Static Electricity and Ignition Mechanisms <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 17<\/td>\n | Chapter 6 Evaluating Static Electricity Hazards 6.1 General 6.2 Measuring a Static Electric Charge 6.3 Measuring the Charge on a Conductor <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 18<\/td>\n | 6.4 Measuring the Charge on a Nonconductor <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 19<\/td>\n | 6.5 General Practices 6.6 Measuring the Accumulation and Relaxation of Charge 6.7 Measuring the Resistivity of Materials 6.8 Assessment of Conduction Paths <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 20<\/td>\n | 6.9 Measuring Spark Discharge Energies 6.10 Measuring Ignition Energies Chapter 7 Control of Static Electricity and Its Hazards by Process Modification and Grounding 7.1 General 7.2 Control of Ignitible Mixtures in Equipment 7.3 Control of Generation of Static Electric Charge 7.4 Charge Dissipation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 22<\/td>\n | Chapter 8 Control of Static Electricity and Its Hazards by Static Eliminators and Personnel Factors 8.1 Charge Neutralization by Ionization of Air <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 23<\/td>\n | 8.2 Control of Static Electric Charge on Personnel <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 24<\/td>\n | 8.3 Maintenance and Testing 8.4 Discomfort and Injury Chapter 9 Flammable and Combustible Liquids and Their Vapors 9.1 General 9.2 Combustion Characteristics of Liquids, Vapors, and Mists <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 25<\/td>\n | 9.3 Generation and Dissipation of Static Electric Charge in Liquids <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 26<\/td>\n | Chapter 10 Fluid Flow in Piping, Hose, Tubing, and Filters 10.1 Metal Piping Systems 10.2 Nonconductive Pipe and Lined Pipe <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 27<\/td>\n | 10.3 Flexible Hose and Tubing 10.4 Fill Pipes 10.5 Filtration <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 28<\/td>\n | 10.6 Suspended Material 10.7 Miscellaneous Line Restrictions Chapter 11 Static Electricity Hazards of Liquids in Containers and Intermediate Bulk Containers 11.1 Portable Tanks, Intermediate Bulk Containers (IBCs), and Non-Bulk Containers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 29<\/td>\n | 11.2 Cleaning of Containers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 30<\/td>\n | Chapter 12 Static Electricity Hazards of Liquids in Bulk Storage Tanks and in Tank Vehicles 12.1 Storage Tanks <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 32<\/td>\n | 12.2 Loading of Tank Vehicles <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 34<\/td>\n | 12.3 Vacuum Trucks 12.4 Railroad Tank Cars 12.5 Marine Vessel and Barge Cargo Tanks Chapter 13 Static Electricity Hazards in Process Vessels 13.1 General 13.2 Procedures for Transfer to Tanks 13.3 Agitation 13.4 Process Vessels with Nonconductive Linings 13.5 Adding Solids <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 35<\/td>\n | 13.6 Mixing Solids 13.7 Nonconductive Process Vessels Chapter 14 Static Electricity Hazards of Operations in Process Vessels and Tanks 14.1 General 14.2 Gauging and Sampling <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 36<\/td>\n | 14.3 Cleaning Vessels and Tanks 14.4 Vacuum Cleaning 14.5 Clean Gas Flows 14.6 Ancillary Operations (Reserved) Chapter 15 Powders and Dusts 15.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 37<\/td>\n | 15.2 Combustibility of Dust Clouds 15.3 Mechanisms of Static Electric Charging 15.4 Retention of Static Electric Charge <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 38<\/td>\n | 15.5 Discharges in Powder Operations 15.6 Discharges During Filling Operations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 39<\/td>\n | 15.7 Pneumatic Transport Systems 15.8 Flexible Hose 15.9 Flexible Boots and Socks 15.10 Fabric Filters <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 40<\/td>\n | 15.11 Hybrid Mixtures 15.12 Manual Addition of Powders to Flammable Liquids 15.13 Bulk Storage <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 41<\/td>\n | Chapter 16 Intermediate Bulk Containers (IBCs) for Powders 16.1 General 16.2 Types of Discharge 16.3 Granular Material 16.4 Conductive Intermediate Bulk Containers (IBCs) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 42<\/td>\n | 16.5 Nonconductive Intermediate Bulk Containers (IBCs) 16.6 Flexible Intermediate Bulk Containers (FIBCs) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 43<\/td>\n | Chapter 17 Web and Sheet Processes 17.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 44<\/td>\n | 17.2 Substrates 17.3 Inks and Coatings 17.4 Processes <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 45<\/td>\n | 17.5 Control of Static Electricity in Web Processes <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 46<\/td>\n | Chapter 18 Miscellaneous Applications 18.1 Spray Application Processes 18.2 Belts and Conveyors <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 47<\/td>\n | 18.3 Explosives 18.4 Cathode Ray Tube Video Display Terminals <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 48<\/td>\n | 18.5 Plastic Sheets and Wraps Annex A Explanatory Material <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 53<\/td>\n | Annex B Physical Characteristics of Materials <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 59<\/td>\n | Annex C Additional Information on Flash Point Annex D Additional Information on Vapor Pressure <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 60<\/td>\n | Annex E Additional Information on Charge Relaxation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 61<\/td>\n | Annex F Additional Information on Conductivity Annex G Recommended Means for Providing Bonding and Grounding <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 65<\/td>\n | Annex H Glossary of Terms Annex I Bibliography Annex J Informational References <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 67<\/td>\n | Index <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" NFPA 77: Recommended Practice on Static Electricity<\/b><\/p>\n |