FOREWORD<\/p>\n
The Objectives<\/p>\n
The complete collection of the jointly issued API\/ASTM-IP tables of
\n which this volume is a part is
\n the result of close cooperation between the American Petroleum
\n Institute (API), the Institute of
\n Petroleum (London) (IP), and the American Society for Testing and
\n Materials (ASTM). The overall
\n objective of this effort was to meet the worldwide need for a uniform
\n and authoritative
\n publication, based on the most accurate information available. This
\n publication serves as a basis
\n for standardized calculations of measured quantities of petroleum
\n fluids regardless of point of
\n origin, destination, or units of measure used by custom or statute. To
\n meet the objective of
\n worldwide standardized measurement practices, the American National
\n Standards Institute (ANSI) and
\n the British Standards Institute (BSI) have also been closely involved
\n nationally, resulting in the
\n acceptance of the revised tables as an American National Standard and
\n as a British Standard. In
\n addition, in their respective capacities as Secretariat of the
\n International Organization for
\n Standardization TC\/28 and of TC\/28 SC3, ANSI and BSI have been
\n instrumental in progressing the
\n revised tables towards their adoption as an international standard by
\n the International
\n Organization for Standardization.<\/p>\n
Historical Notes<\/p>\n
The present collection supersedes all previous editions of the
\n petroleum measurement Tables
\n ANSI\/ASTM D1250, IP200, and API Standard 2540. Action is being taken
\n in ISO\/TC 28 for the
\n corresponding tables listed in ISO R91 and the tables in the addendum
\n to R91 to be superseded by
\n the present revised collection.<\/p>\n
In view of the progress of metrication in countries formerly using the
\n British system of weights
\n and measures, demand for the revision of the British edition does not
\n justify the considerable work
\n involved. The present edition will therefore be withdrawn on the same
\n date as the corresponding
\n metric and American editions are published and will not be replaced.<\/p>\n
For the metric edition the new standard covers products with densities
\n in the range 610.0 to 1076.0
\n kg\/m3. The tables for densities below this range, covering liquefied
\n petroleum gases, have not been
\n revised.<\/p>\n
The original tables, which were developed in the late 1940s, were
\n based on the 1916 data of Bearce
\n and Peffer (1916) and represent thirty years of evolution. The history
\n of this evolution is
\n summarized by Hall et al. (1975).<\/p>\n
Present Development<\/p>\n
Downer and Inkley (1972) demonstrated that the original tables were
\n not satisfactory
\n representations of many petroleum fluids of current importance. In
\n 1974 the American Petroleum
\n Institute (API) and the United States National Bureau of Standards
\n (NBS) initiated a research
\n program funded by the API which intended to provide the solid
\n scientific base for the development
\n of more accurate, consequently more equitable, measurement tables. The
\n result of this program was
\n precise density data on 349 different fluids representing a wide
\n variety of refined products and
\n 66.8 percent of the world crude production in 1974. The completion of
\n this five-year, $500,000
\n project in March 1979 opened the way for modernizing the tables. Using
\n the NBS density data and
\n taking advantage of publications of outstanding technical authorities,
\n a Joint API-ASTM Physical
\n Properties Working Group produced this present collection of the
\n Petroleum Measurement Tables. The
\n development and results of the work are described by Hankinson et al,
\n (1979).<\/p>\n
Conceptual Departure<\/p>\n
A major conceptual departure from previous versions is inherent in the
\n recognition of the present
\n and future position of computers in the petroleum industry. The actual
\n Standard represented by this
\n volume and the companion volumes is neither the hardcopy printed
\n tables nor the set of equations
\n used to represent the density data but is an explicit implementation
\n procedure used to develop
\n computer subroutines. The standardization of an implementation
\n procedure implies the
\n standardization of the set of mathematical expressions, including
\n calculational sequence and
\n round-off procedures, used within the computer code. Absolute
\n adherence to the outlined procedures
\n will ensure that all computers and computer codes of the future,
\n meeting the stated specifications
\n and restrictions, will be able to produce identical results. Hence,
\n the published implementation
\n procedures are the primary Standard, the distributed subroutines are
\n the secondary standard, and
\n the published tables are produced for convenience.<\/p>\n
Acknowledgments<\/p>\n
The task of completing this project could not have been accomplished
\n without many substantial
\n contributions by a considerable number of individuals and companies.
\n It is impossible to single out
\n any specific individuals for special mention. However, included in the
\n introductory material are
\n lists of the officers of the API's Committee on Petroleum Measurement
\n (COPM), the officers of the
\n Joint API\/ASTM Committee on Static Petroleum Measurement (COSM), the
\n major contributors from the
\n Institute of Petroleum, and the members of the COSM Physical
\n Properties Working Group. A special
\n acknowledgment must be given to the Institute of Petroleum (IP) for
\n their work in developing
\n Volumes XI and XII.<\/p>\n
References<\/p>\n
Bearce, H. W., and E. L. Peffer, "Technology Papers of National Bureau
\n of Standards–Density and
\n Thermal Expansion of American Petroleum Oils," GPO, pp. 125-154,
\n Washington, DC, 1961.<\/p>\n
Downer, L., and F. A. Inkley, Oil and Gas Journal, Vol. 70, No. 25, p.
\n 52-55, June 19, 1972.<\/p>\n
Hall, A. H., J. A. Simpson, and J. R. Whetstone, "Investigation of
\n Densities and Thermal Expansion
\n Coefficients Applicable to Petroleum Measurement," SP 7. World
\n Petroleum Congress, Tokyo. l975.<\/p>\n
Hankinson, R. W., R. G. Segers, T. Krolikowski Buck, and F. P.
\n Gielzecki, Oil and Gas Journal, Vol.
\n 77, No. 52, p. 66-70, December 24, 1979.<\/p>\n
Hankinson, R. W., T. A. Coker, K. I. West, R. G. Segers, F. P.
\n Gielzecki, and M. A. Plummer,
\n "Volume Correction Factors for Lubricating Oils." Oil and Gas Journal,
\n p. 297, September 28, 1981.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards Chapter 11.1-Volume Correction Factors, Volume XIV, Table 53D- Generalized Lubricating Oils Correction of Observed Density to Density at 15 Degrees C Table 54D-Generalized Lubricating Oils Correction of Volume to 15 Degrees C Against Density at 15 Degrees C<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n
\n Published By<\/td>\n Publication Date<\/td>\n Number of Pages<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n API<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n 1982<\/td>\n 414<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":486991,"template":"","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"ep_exclude_from_search":false},"product_cat":[2642],"product_tag":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-486983","1":"product","2":"type-product","3":"status-publish","4":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"product_cat-api","8":"first","9":"instock","10":"sold-individually","11":"shipping-taxable","12":"purchasable","13":"product-type-simple"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product\/486983","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/product"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/486991"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=486983"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"product_cat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_cat?post=486983"},{"taxonomy":"product_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_tag?post=486983"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}