IEC 61400-27-2:2020 specifies procedures for validation of electrical simulation models for wind turbines and wind power plants, intended to be used in power system and grid stability analyses. The validation procedures are based on the tests specified in IEC 61400-21 (all parts). The validation procedures are applicable to the generic models specified in IEC 61400-27-1 and to other fundamental frequency wind power plant models and wind turbine models. The validation procedures for wind turbine models focus on fault ride through capability and control performance. The fault ride through capability includes response to balanced and unbalanced voltage dips as well as voltage swells. The control performance includes active power control, frequency control, synthetic inertia control and reactive power control. The validation procedures for wind turbine models refer to the tests specified in IEC 61400-21-1. The validation procedures for wind turbine models refer to the wind turbine terminals.<\/p>\n
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| 2<\/td>\n | undefined <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 5<\/td>\n | Annex ZA(normative)Normative references to international publications with their corresponding European publications <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 7<\/td>\n | CONTENTS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 11<\/td>\n | FOREWORD <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 13<\/td>\n | INTRODUCTION Figures Figure 1 \u2013 Classification of power system stability according to IEEE\/CIGRE Joint Task Force on Stability Terms and Definitions [1] <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 15<\/td>\n | 1 Scope 2 Normative references <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 16<\/td>\n | 3 Terms, definitions, abbreviations and subscripts 3.1 Terms and definitions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 20<\/td>\n | 3.2 Abbreviations and subscripts 3.2.1 Abbreviations 3.2.2 Subscripts 4 Symbols and units 4.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 21<\/td>\n | 4.2 Symbols (units) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 23<\/td>\n | 5 Functional specifications and requirements to validation procedures 5.1 General 5.2 General specifications <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 25<\/td>\n | 5.3 Wind turbine model validation 5.4 Wind power plant model validation 6 General methodologies for model validation 6.1 General 6.2 Test results <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 26<\/td>\n | 6.3 Simulations 6.4 Signal processing 6.4.1 General 6.4.2 Time series processing <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 27<\/td>\n | Figure 2 \u2013 Signal processing structure with play-back simulation approach applied Figure 3 \u2013 Signal processing structure with full-system simulation approach applied <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 28<\/td>\n | 6.4.3 Windows error statistics <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 29<\/td>\n | 6.4.4 FRT windows specification Figure 4 \u2013 Voltage dip windows [12] <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 30<\/td>\n | 6.4.5 Step response characteristics Tables Table 1 \u2013 Windows applied for error calculations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 31<\/td>\n | Figure 5 \u2013 Step response characteristics <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 32<\/td>\n | 7 Validation of wind turbine models 7.1 General 7.2 Fault ride through capability 7.2.1 General Figure 6 \u2013 Measured and simulated settling timewith inexpedient choice of tolerance band <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 33<\/td>\n | 7.2.2 Test requirements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 34<\/td>\n | 7.2.3 Simulation requirements 7.2.4 Validation results 7.3 Active power control 7.3.1 General 7.3.2 Test requirements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 35<\/td>\n | 7.3.3 Simulation requirements 7.3.4 Validation results 7.4 Frequency control 7.4.1 General 7.4.2 Test requirements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 36<\/td>\n | 7.4.3 Simulation requirements 7.4.4 Validation results 7.5 Synthetic inertia control 7.5.1 General 7.5.2 Test requirements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 37<\/td>\n | 7.5.3 Simulation requirements 7.5.4 Validation results 7.6 Reactive power reference control 7.6.1 General 7.6.2 Test requirements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 38<\/td>\n | 7.6.3 Simulation requirements 7.6.4 Validation results 7.7 Reactive power \u2013 voltage reference control 7.7.1 General 7.7.2 Test requirements 7.7.3 Simulation requirements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 39<\/td>\n | 7.7.4 Validation results 7.8 Grid protection 7.8.1 General 7.8.2 Test requirements 7.8.3 Simulation requirements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 40<\/td>\n | 7.8.4 Validation results 8 Validation of wind power plant models 8.1 General 8.2 Active power control 8.2.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 41<\/td>\n | 8.2.2 Test requirements 8.2.3 Simulation requirements 8.2.4 Validation results 8.3 Reactive power reference control 8.3.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 42<\/td>\n | 8.3.2 Test requirements 8.3.3 Simulation requirements 8.3.4 Validation results 8.4 Reactive power \u2013 voltage reference control 8.4.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 43<\/td>\n | 8.4.2 Test requirements 8.4.3 Simulation requirements 8.4.4 Validation results <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 44<\/td>\n | Annex A (informative)Validation documentation for wind turbine model A.1 General A.2 Simulation model and validation setup information A.3 Template for validation results A.3.1 General Table A.1 \u2013 Required information about simulation model and validation setup Table A.2 \u2013 Additional information required if full-system method is applied <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 45<\/td>\n | A.3.2 Fault ride through capability Figure A.1 \u2013 Time series of measured and simulated positive sequence voltage Figure A.2 \u2013 Time series of measured and simulated positive sequence active current Figure A.3 \u2013 Time series of measured and simulatedpositive sequence reactive current Figure A.4 \u2013 Time series of calculated absolute errorof positive sequence active and reactive current <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 46<\/td>\n | Figure A.5 \u2013 Time series of measured and simulated negative sequence voltage Figure A.6 \u2013 Time series of measured and simulatednegative sequence active current Figure A.7 \u2013 Time series of measured and simulatednegative sequence reactive current Figure A.8 \u2013 Time series of calculated absolute errorof negative sequence active and reactive current Table A.3 \u2013 Positive sequence validation summary for each voltagedip and voltage swell validation case <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 47<\/td>\n | A.3.3 Active power control A.3.4 Frequency control Figure A.9 \u2013 Time series of active power reference, available active power,measured active power and simulated active power Table A.4 \u2013 Negative sequence validation summaryfor each voltage dip and voltage swell validation case Table A.5 \u2013 Validation summary for active power control <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 48<\/td>\n | A.3.5 Synthetic inertia control A.3.6 Reactive power reference control Figure A.10 \u2013 Time series of frequency reference valueand measured input to WT controller Figure A.11 \u2013 Time series of available active power,measured active power and simulated active power Figure A.12 \u2013 Time series of frequency reference valueand measured input to WT controller Figure A.13 \u2013 Time series of available active power,measured active power and simulated active power <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 49<\/td>\n | A.3.7 Reactive power \u2013 voltage reference control Figure A.14 \u2013 Time series of reactive power reference,measured reactive power and simulated reactive power Figure A.15 \u2013 Time series of measured active power and simulated active power Figure A.16 \u2013 Time series of measured and simulated reactive power Table A.6 \u2013 Validation summary for reactive power control <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 50<\/td>\n | A.3.8 Grid protection Table A.7 \u2013 Validation summary for grid protection <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 51<\/td>\n | Annex B (informative)Validation documentation for wind power plant model B.1 General B.2 Simulation model and validation setup information B.3 Template for validation results B.3.1 General Table B.1 \u2013 Required information about simulation model and validation setup Table B.2 \u2013 Additional information required if full-system method is applied <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 52<\/td>\n | B.3.2 Active power control B.3.3 Reactive power reference control Figure B.1 \u2013 Time series of active power reference, available active power,measured active power and simulated active power Figure B.2 \u2013 Time series of reactive power reference, measured reactivepower and simulated reactive power Figure B.3 \u2013 Time series of measured active power and simulated active power Table B.3 \u2013 Validation summary for active power control Table B.4 \u2013 Validation summary for reactive power control <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 53<\/td>\n | B.3.4 Reactive power \u2013 voltage reference control Figure B.4 \u2013 Time series of measured and simulated reactive power <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 54<\/td>\n | Annex C (informative)Reference grid for model-to-model validation Figure C.1 \u2013 Layout of reference grid Table C.1 \u2013 Line data for the WECC test system in per-unit Table C.2 \u2013 Transformer data for the WECC test system <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 55<\/td>\n | Annex D (informative)Model validation uncertainty D.1 General D.2 Simulation uncertainties D.3 Measurement uncertainties <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 56<\/td>\n | D.4 Impact of model validation uncertainties <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 57<\/td>\n | Annex E (normative)Digital 2nd order critically damped low pass filter <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 58<\/td>\n | Annex F (informative)Additional performance based model validation methodologyfor active power recovery in voltage dips F.1 General F.2 Active power recovery criterion F.3 Active power oscillation criterion <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 59<\/td>\n | Figure F.1 \u2013 Voltage dip active power performance validation parameters <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 60<\/td>\n | Annex G (informative)Generic software interface for use of modelsin different software environments G.1 Description of the approach <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 61<\/td>\n | G.2 Description of the software interface G.2.1 Description of data structures <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 63<\/td>\n | G.2.2 Functions for communication through the ESE-interface <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 64<\/td>\n | G.2.3 Inputs, outputs, parameters Figure G.1 \u2013 Sequence of simulation on use of ESE-interface <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 65<\/td>\n | Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Wind energy generation systems – Electrical simulation models. Model validation<\/b><\/p>\n |