FEMA P 361 2015

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FEMA P-361 – Safe Rooms for Tornadoes and Hurricanes, Third Edition

Published By	Publication Date	Number of Pages
FEMA	2015	189

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Category: FEMA

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Description

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages	PDF Title
1	Safe Rooms for Tornadoes and Hurricanes
4	Preface
5	Table of Contents
13	Introduction to FEMA P-361
16	Part A
17	CHAPTER A1 – Purpose and Background
18	A1.1 Purpose
19	A1.2 Background on FEMA Safe Room DesignHistory and ICC Code Development A1.2.1 Development of FEMA Safe Room Guidance
20	A1.2.2 Development of ICC 500 A1.2.3 ICC 500 Comparison with FEMA P-361
21	A1.2.4 FEMA Safe Room Grant Funding Program A1.3 Safe Room Terminology
22	A1.3.1 Terminology
23	A1.3.2 Types of Safe Rooms
24	A1.4 Deciding Whether to Install a Safe Room
26	CHAPTER A2 – Extreme-Wind Risk Assessmentand Analysis
27	A2.1 Risk Assessment A2.1.1 Assessing Threat A2.1.1.1 Tornado Threat
31	A2.1.1.2 Hurricane Threat
34	A2.1.2 Assessing Vulnerability A2.1.2.1 Assessing Building Vulnerability
35	A2.1.2.2 Assessing Vulnerable Population
36	A2.2 Risk Analysis A2.2.1 Analyzing Risk A2.2.2 Considering Multi-Hazards in Safe Room Design
38	CHAPTER A3 – Costs and Benefit-Cost Analysis A3.1 Safe Room Costs A3.1.1 Design Parameters That Affect Safe Room Costs
40	A3.1.2 Cost and Size Data from Constructed and Proposed Safe Room Projects A3.1.3 New Construction versus Retrofit
41	A3.1.4 Cost of Hurricane Community Safe Room versus Combined Tornado and Hurricane Community Safe Room A3.2 Benefit-Cost Analysis A3.2.1 Benefit-Cost Analysis Software A3.2.2 Determining Project Benefits
43	CHAPTER A4 – Operation and MaintenanceConsiderations for CommunitySafe Rooms
44	A4.1 Safe Room O&M Plan Objectives and Parameters A4.1.1 Safe Room Design A4.1.2 Multi-Use versus Single-Use
45	A4.1.3 Duration of Occupancy
46	A4.1.4 Intended Occupants
47	A4.2 Staffing and Personnel Considerations A4.2.1 Roles and Responsibilities A4.2.2 Contact Lists
48	A4.2.3 Staff Training
49	A4.2.4 Work Shifts A4.3 Community Outreach and Notification A4.3.1 Identifying Potential Safe Room Occupant Population and Providing Information
50	A4.3.2 Signage
51	A4.3.3 Expectation of Safe Room Use during Off-Hours A4.3.4 Information on the Access and FunctionalNeeds of Potential Safe Room Occupants A4.3.5 Alert Signals and Drills
52	A4.3.6 Pets
53	A4.4 Emergency Provisions A4.4.1 Food and Water A4.4.2 Communications Equipment A4.4.3 Emergency Supplies (ICC 500 Sec 702.4 and 703.7)
54	A4.5 Access and Entry A4.5.1 Parking A4.5.2 Entering the Safe Room
55	A4.5.3 Registering Occupants A4.5.4 Locking Down the Safe Room
56	A4.6 Operations during an Event A4.6.1 Security A4.6.2 First Aid and Health Services
57	A4.6.3 Communication A4.7 Post-Event Operations A4.8 Maintenance
59	Part B
60	CHAPTER B1 – Application and Administration B1.1 Criteria
61	B1.2 FEMA Supplemental Commentary B1.2.1 Single-Use and Multi-Use Safe Rooms (Reference: ICC 500 Sec 104) B1.2.1.1 Multi-Use Safe Rooms (Reference: ICC 500 Sec 104.1)
62	B1.2.1.2 Single-Use Safe Rooms (Reference: ICC 500 Sec 104.2)
64	B1.2.2 Permitting, Review, andInspections (Reference: ICC 500 Sec 105 and 106)
65	B1.2.2.1 Permitting and Code Compliance B1.2.2.2 Peer Review (Reference: ICC 500 Sec 106.1.1)
66	B1.2.2.3 Special Inspections and Acceptance (Reference: ICC 500 Sec 106.2, 106.3) B1.2.2.4 Structural Observations (Reference: ICC 500 Sec 106.4)
67	B1.2.3 Construction Documents (Reference: ICC 500 Sec 107) B1.2.3.1 Quality Assurance / Quality Control (Reference: ICC 500 Sec 107.3)
68	B1.2.4 Design Information Signage and Labeling (Reference: ICC 500 Sec 108)
70	CHAPTER B2 – Definitions
75	CHAPTER B3 – Structural Design B3.1 Criteria B3.2 FEMA Supplemental Commentary
76	B3.2.1 General Approach to the Structural Design of Safe Rooms (Reference: ICC Sec 301) B3.2.1.1 Design Considerations and Safe Room Types
77	B3.2.1.1.1 Stand-Alone Safe Rooms B3.2.1.1.2 Internal Safe Rooms
78	B3.2.1.2 Structural and Building Envelope Characteristics of Safe Rooms B3.2.2 Load Combinations (Reference: ICC 500 Sec 302) B3.2.3 Non-Wind Load Considerations (Reference: ICC 500 Sec 303)
79	B3.2.3.1 Rain Loads B3.2.3.2 Roof Live Loads B3.2.3.3 Flood Loads B3.2.3.4 Seismic Loads and Seismic Detailing
80	B3.2.4 Wind Loads and Design (ICC 500 Sec 304) B3.2.4.1 Design Wind Speeds for Safe Rooms B3.2.4.1.1 Background on Safe Room Design Wind Speed Maps
83	B3.2.4.1.2 Tornado Design Wind Speed Map (Reference: ICC 500 Sec 304.2)
84	B3.2.4.1.3 Hurricane Design Wind Speed Map (Reference: ICC 500 Sec 304.2) B3.2.4.1.4 Wind Speeds for Alaska
85	B3.2.4.1.5 Potential for Exceeding Design Wind Speed
86	B3.2.4.2 Calculating Wind Loads B3.2.4.2.1 Parameters for Calculating Wind Pressures
87	B3.2.4.2.2 Using the ASCE 7 Directional Procedure
92	B3.2.4.2.3 Combination of Wind Loads: MWFRS and C&C
93	B3.2.4.3 Continuous Load Path Concepts
95	B3.2.4.3.1 Anchorages and Connections B3.2.4.3.2 Roof Connections and Roof-to-Wall Connections
96	B3.2.4.3.3 Foundation-to-Wall Connections (Reference: ICC 500 Sec 308)
97	B3.2.5 Debris Hazards (Reference: ICC 500 Sec 305)
98	B3.2.5.1 Test Missile Criteria for Tornado Community Safe Rooms (Reference: ICC 500 Sec 305.1.1) B3.2.5.2 Test Missile Criteria for Hurricane Community Safe Rooms (Reference: ICC 500 Sec 305.1.2)
99	B3.2.5.3 Test Missile Criteria for Residential Safe Rooms
100	B3.2.5.4 Soil Cover as Protection from Debris Impact
101	B3.2.5.5 Lay Down, Rollover, Collapse, and Large Falling/Flying Debris Hazards (Reference: ICC 500 Sec 305.3)
104	B3.2.6 Component Design and Testing (Reference: ICC Sec 306)
107	CHAPTER B4 – Siting B4.1 Criteria
110	B4.2 FEMA Supplemental Commentary B4.2.1 General Siting Considerations B4.2.1.1 Function and Use
111	B4.2.1.2 Safety B4.2.1.3 Access
112	B4.2.1.4 Siting Proximity to Other Buildings B4.2.1.5 Siting Proximity to Occupants for Residential Safe Rooms (Reference: ICC 500 Sec 401) B4.2.1.6 Siting Proximity to Occupants for Community Safe Rooms
113	B4.2.1.7 Manmade Siting Hazards(Reference: ICC 500 Sec 402)
114	B4.2.1.8 Other Criteria to Consider B4.2.2 Flood Hazards (Reference: ICC 500 Sec 401 and Sec 404) B4.2.2.1 General Flood Hazard Siting / Elevation
117	B4.2.2.2 Flood Design Criteria for Community Safe Rooms
120	B4.2.2.3 Flood Design Criteria for Residential Safe Rooms
124	CHAPTER B5 – Occupancy, Means of Egress,Access and Accessibility B5.1 Criteria B5.2 FEMA Supplemental Commentary
125	B5.2.1 Community Safe Rooms (Reference: ICC 500 Sec 501)
127	B5.2.1.1 Calculation of Usable Floor Area of a CommunitySafe Room (Reference: ICC 500 Sec 501.1.2)
128	B5.2.1.2 Number of Doors for a Safe Room (Reference: ICC 500 Sec 501.2) B5.2.1.3 Emergency Escape Opening (Reference: ICC 500 Sec 501.4)
129	B5.2.1.4 Americans with Disabilities Act (Reference: ICC 500 Sec 501.6) B5.2.1.4.1 Travel Time and Access
130	B5.2.1.4.2 Access and Functional Needs B5.2.2 Residential Safe Rooms (Reference: ICC 500 Sec 502)
131	B5.2.3 Locks and Latching (Reference: ICC 500 Sec 503)
132	B5.2.4 Signage for Community Safe Rooms (Reference: ICC 500 Sec 504)
133	CHAPTER B6 – Fire Safety
135	CHAPTER B7 – Essential Features and Accessories B7.1 Criteria
136	B7.2 FEMA Supplemental Commentary B7.2.1 Occupancy Duration B7.2.2 Ventilation (Reference: ICC 500 Sec 702.1 and 703.1)
137	B7.2.3 Sanitation Management (Reference: ICC 500 Sec 702.2 and 703.2)
138	B7.2.4 Lighting (Reference: ICC 500 Sec 702.3 and 703.4)
139	B7.2.5 Standby (Emergency) Power (Reference: ICC 500 Sec 702.3, 703.4, 703.5 and 703.6) B7.2.6 Water Supply (Reference: ICC Sec 703.3)
141	CHAPTER B8 – Test Methods for Impact andPressure Testing B8.1 Criteria B8.2 FEMA Supplemental Commentary
142	B8.2.1 Wind-borne Debris in Tornadoes and Hurricanes
147	B8.2.1.1 Debris Potential at Safe Room Sites B8.2.1.2 Representative Missiles for Debris Impact Testing
149	B8.2.1.2.1 Tornado Test Missile B8.2.1.2.2 Hurricane Test Missile
150	B8.2.2 Resistance to Test Missile Loads and Successful Testing Criteria B8.2.2.1 Debris Impact Test Speeds for Representative Missiles
152	B8.2.2.2 Induced Loads from the Test Missile and Other Debris
155	B8.2.3 Performance of Wall and Roof Assemblies during Tornado Missile Impact Tests
156	B8.2.3.1 Impact Resistance of Wood Wall Assemblies B8.2.3.2 Impact Resistance of Wall Assemblies with Steel Sheathing
157	B8.2.3.3 Impact Resistance of Concrete Masonry Unit Wall Assemblies
158	B8.2.3.4 Impact Resistance of Reinforced Concrete Wall and Roof Assemblies
161	B8.2.4 Performance of Door, Glazed Openings, and Impact ProtectiveSystems during Debris Impact and Pressure Tests B8.2.4.1 Door Assemblies
162	B8.2.4.2 Glazed Opening Assemblies
163	B8.2.4.3 Impact Protective Systems B8.2.5 Test Laboratory Accreditation B8.2.5 Test Laboratory Accreditation
164	CHAPTER B9 – References and Resources
168	B9.1 Storm Surge Inundation Data
170	Appendices
171	APPENDIX A – Acronyms
174	APPENDIX B – Acknowledgments
180	APPENDIX C – Designer Checklist
186	APPENDIX D – Comparison Matrix of DifferencesBetween ICC 500 Requirements andFEMA Recommended Criteria