ASCE 9780784402764 1998
$29.25
Construction Contract Claims, Changes & Dispute Resolution
| Published By | Publication Date | Number of Pages |
| ASCE | 1998 | 272 |
Paul Levin leads engineers, owners, and construction managers through the complex process of construction contracting, focusing on the prevention, preparation, management, and resolution of construction claims and change orders.
PDF Catalog
| PDF Pages | PDF Title |
|---|---|
| 4 | FOREWORD |
| 5 | ACKNOWLEDGEMENT |
| 6 | PREFACE |
| 8 | CONTENTS |
| 18 | 1. INTRODUCTION 1-1. Claims Background |
| 19 | 1-2. Definition of a Claim 1-3. Purpose of Book |
| 20 | 1-4. Public Contracts (Heavy Construction) |
| 21 | 1-5. Private Contracts (Commercial and Residential) 1-6. Beyond the Contract—Principles of Construction Law |
| 22 | 1-7. Policies and Procedures for Administration 1-7a. Necessity of Procedures for Administrative Relief 1-7b. Basic Procedures for Claims and Change Order Administration 1-7c. Active Claims Policy |
| 23 | 1-7d. Active Claims Program 1-7e. Procedural Roadblocks and How to Overcome Them 1-8. Review of Chapters |
| 24 | 1-9. Owners, Designers, and Their Representatives |
| 25 | 2. IDENTIFICATION AND NOTIFICATION 2-1. Claims Consciousness 2-2. Early Identification |
| 26 | 2-3. Identification of Claims and Change Orders 2-3a. Importance of Identification 2-3b. First Requirement of Identification—Knowledge of Contract Documents 2-3c. Frame of Reference |
| 27 | 2-3d. Communications 2-3e. Second Requirement of Identification—Familiarity with Legal Concepts and Rights |
| 28 | 2-3f. The Changes Clause |
| 30 | 2-3g. Warning Signs of Claim Situations |
| 31 | 2-4. Notification of Claims and Change Orders 2-5. Notification—Time Requirements 2-5a. Federal Clauses |
| 32 | 2-5b. Private Clauses |
| 33 | 2-6. Late Notice |
| 34 | 2-7. Failure to Notify 2-8. Notification—Problems of Owners |
| 35 | 2-9. Federal Contracts and the Contract Disputes Act 2-9a. Request for Final Decision, Claims Certification |
| 37 | 2-9b. Notice Requirements for Appeal of Decision 2-9c. Failure to Request Decision or Certify Claim 2-9d. Appeal of Board Decision |
| 38 | 2-9e. Additional Notes on Claims Certification 2-10. Conclusion |
| 39 | 3. DIFFERING SITE CONDITIONS 3-1. Introduction 3-2. Differing Site Conditions Clause |
| 40 | 3-3. Type One Conditions—Examples |
| 41 | 3-4. Type Two Conditions—Examples |
| 42 | 3-5. Man-Made Conditions—Previous Construction |
| 43 | 3-6. Forces of Nature 3-7. Site Investigation 3-7a. Duty to Investigate: Reasonable Investigation |
| 44 | 3-7b. Disclaimers for Differing Site Conditions |
| 46 | 3-7c. Representations of Conditions Must Be Specifically Incorporated in Specifications |
| 47 | 3-7d. Inadequate Investigation 3-7e. Site Investigation Requirements |
| 48 | 3-8. Summary and Checklist |
| 49 | 4. INTERPRETATION AND REQUIREMENTS OF CONTRACT SPECIFICATIONS 4-1. Introduction 4-2. Rules of Contract Interpretation 4-2a. Background |
| 50 | 4-2b. Reasonableness |
| 51 | 4-2c. Read the Contract as a Whole 4-2d. Language |
| 52 | 4-2e. Custom or Usage |
| 53 | 4-2f. Parol Evidence Rule 4-2g. “Against the Drafter” |
| 54 | 4-2h. Conduct |
| 56 | 4-3. Defective Specifications 4-3a. Introduction |
| 57 | 4-3b. Suitability of Designated Methods or Materials |
| 58 | 4-3c. Possibility and Practicality 4-3d. Cardinal Changes 4-3e. Disclosure of Knowledge |
| 59 | 4-3f. Cost and Notification Aspects |
| 60 | 4-4. Duty to Seek Clarification 4-4a. Obligation to Notify Owner of Errors or Discrepancies |
| 61 | 4-4b. Zone of Reasonableness |
| 62 | 4-4c. Two-Step Test |
| 63 | 4-4d. “Not Part of Contract” 4-5. Duty to Inform |
| 64 | 4-6. Duty to Proceed |
| 65 | 4-7. Inspection: Duty to Inspect 4-7a. Improper Rejection |
| 66 | 4-7b. Improper Acceptance |
| 67 | 4-8. Conclusion |
| 68 | 5. DELAYS AND ACCELERATIONS 5-1. Introduction 5-2. Delays—Excusability and Compensability |
| 69 | 5-3. Noncompensable Delays |
| 70 | 5-4. Nonexcusable Delays 5-5. CompensableTime Extensions |
| 71 | 5-6. Compensable Delays |
| 73 | 5-7. Unreasonable Delays 5-8. Delays—Site Access |
| 75 | 5-9. Concurrent Delays |
| 76 | 5-10. Proving Delay and Delay Costs 5-10a. Disruption, Loss of Efficiency, and Loss of Learning Curve 5-10b. Out-of-Sequence Work 5-10c. Ripple Effect |
| 77 | 5-10d. Delays Due to Differing Site Conditions |
| 78 | 5-11. No Damage for Delay Clauses 5-12. Three Types of Acceleration 5-13. Constructive Acceleration 5-13a. Directive Not Required |
| 79 | 5-13b. Notice, Request for Time Extension 5-13c. Explicit Denial of Time Extension Not Required |
| 80 | 5-13d. Identification |
| 81 | 5-14. Proving Delays, Time Extensions, and Acceleration 5-15. Acceleration Costs |
| 82 | 5-16. Conclusion |
| 83 | 6. RECORDS AND DOCUMENTATION 6-1. Introduction 6-2. Types of Records |
| 84 | 6-3. Time Cards 6-4. Cost Account System |
| 85 | 6-5. Production Rates 6-6. Material Receipts 6-7. Schedules 6-8. Cash Flows |
| 86 | 6-9. Correspondence and Transmittal Logs 6-10. Computer (Cost) Reports |
| 87 | 6-11. Daily Reports 6-12. Photographs |
| 88 | 6-13. Special Forms for Claims and Change Order Records |
| 89 | 6-14. Monthly Claims Review |
| 90 | 6-15. Conclusion |
| 91 | 7. USE OF PROJECT SCHEDULES AND THE CRITICAL PATH METHOD IN CLAIMS 7-1. Introduction 7-1a. Description of CPM |
| 92 | 7-1b. Obstacles to Use of CPM for Construction Scheduling |
| 93 | 7-2. Use of CPM in Claims Analysis |
| 94 | 7-3. Pitfalls to Avoid in CPM Claims Analysis |
| 96 | 7-4. Construction of As-Planned Schedule 7-4a. Essential Elements in Constructing the Schedule |
| 97 | 7-4b. Additional Considerations of Schedule Preparation |
| 98 | 7-5. Float 7-6. Float—Early Completion |
| 101 | 7-7. Concurrent Delay 7-8. Voluntary versus Constructive Acceleration |
| 102 | 7-9. Schedule Analysis Techniques for Claims Support 7-9a. Impacted As-Planned Analysis 7-9b. Fragnet (Windows, Chronological Impact) |
| 103 | 7-9c. Time Impact Analysis |
| 104 | 7-9d. Collapsed As-Built (“But For”) 7-9e. Comparison Chart of CPM Analysis Methods |
| 105 | 7-9f. Other Methods 7-10. Scheduling Expert’s Analysis |
| 106 | 7-11. Conclusion |
| 107 | 8. SUBCONTRACTORS AND SUPPLIERS 8-1. Introduction 8-2. General Contractor’s Performance |
| 108 | 8-3. Contractor-Subcontractor Relationship 8-4. Subcontractor-Owner Claims |
| 109 | 8-5. Suppliers 8-5a. Delays, Drawing Approvals 8-5b. Supplier Purchase Orders |
| 110 | 8-5c. Proprietary Specifications—Contractor’s Right to Substitute |
| 111 | 8-5d. Supplier Schedules 8-6. Documentation of General Contractor Subcontractor/Supplier Transactions |
| 112 | 8-7. Other Contractor-Subcontractor Issues 8-7a. Severin Doctrine 8-7b. Miller Act |
| 113 | 8-7c. Sponsoring Subcontractor Claims 8-8. Subcontractor-Specific Claims Publications |
| 114 | 8-9. AGC/ASA/ASC Standard Form Contract |
| 116 | 8-10. Conclusion |
| 117 | 9. PRICING 9-1. Introduction 9-2. The Two Types of Pricing 9-2a. Description of Forward Pricing and Postpricing |
| 118 | 9-2b. Forward Pricing Is Typically Preferred |
| 119 | 9-2c. Dealing with Risk in Forward Pricing 9-2d. Postpricing 9-3. Total Cost 9-3a. Total Cost and Modified Total Cost |
| 120 | 9-3b. Last Resort |
| 121 | 9-3c. Four Conditions for Total Cost Claim 9-4. Cost Analysis |
| 122 | 9-4a. Actual Cost 9-4b. Reasonable Costs Developed from Existing Job Data 9-4c. Estimating Reasonable Cost |
| 123 | 9-5. The Proposal—Request for Equitable Adjustment 9-5a. General Pricing Philosophy 9-5b. Pricing Elements and Details |
| 124 | 9-5c. Production Rates |
| 125 | 9-5d. Overhead and Profit |
| 129 | 9-6. Use of Forms 9-7. Material Quantities and Prices |
| 130 | 9-8. Impact and Inefficiency Costs 9-8a. How Impact Costs Are Incurred |
| 131 | 9-8b. Specific, Identifiable Extra Work 9-8c. Pricing Inefficiency and Loss of Productivity |
| 133 | 9-8d. Material and Equipment Costs |
| 134 | 9-9. Other Issues of Claims Pricing 9-9a. Interest Costs |
| 135 | 9-9b. Legal Fees, Change Orders, and Claim Preparation Costs |
| 136 | 9-9c. Use of Expert Opinions 9-9d. Critical Path Method Submissions for Payment Purposes 9-9e. Federal Cost Principles |
| 137 | 9-10. Conclusion |
| 138 | 10. NEGOTIATIONS 10-1. Introduction |
| 139 | 10-2. Preparation and Knowledge 10-3. Forward Pricing Claims |
| 140 | 10-4. Preparation for Negotiation Meeting |
| 141 | 10-5. Tactics—Control of the Meeting |
| 142 | 10-6. Tactics—Large Claims |
| 143 | 10-7. Other Negotiation Tactics 10-8. Other Negotiation Considerations |
| 144 | 10-9. Authority to Negotiate 10-10. Conclusion |
| 145 | 11. DISPUTES AVOIDANCE, RESOLUTION, AND ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION 11-1. Introduction 11-2. Disputes Avoidance |
| 146 | 11-3. Partnering 11-3a. Partnering Defined 11-3b. History of Partnering 11-3c. Elements of Success |
| 147 | 11-3d. Obstacles to Partnering |
| 149 | 11-3e. Results of Partnering 11-4. Dispute Review Boards 11-4a. Dispute Review Boards Defined |
| 150 | 11-4b. DRB Procedures |
| 151 | 11-4c. DRB Costs 11-4d. DRB Effectiveness and Success |
| 153 | 11-4e. International Applications 11-4f. Other Considerations of DRB Procedures 11-4g. DRB Summary |
| 154 | 11-5. Escrow Bid Documents 11-6. Geotechnical Design Summary Report |
| 155 | 11-7. Arbitration |
| 156 | 11-8. Mediation |
| 157 | 11-9. Other ADR Methods 11-9a. Minitrials |
| 158 | 11-9b. MedArb 11 -9c. Summary Trials before the Boards of Contract Appeals 11-9d. Hybrids of Mediation 11-10. Alternative Dispute Resolution Act and the Federal ADR Experience |
| 159 | 11-11. Formal Administrative and Judicial Dispute Resolution |
| 160 | 11-11a. Federal Contracts |
| 161 | 11-11 b. Private Contracts and State and Local Public Contracts 11-11c. Mechanics’ Liens 11-12. Conclusion |
| 162 | 12. TERMINATION 12-1. Introduction 12-2. Federal Clauses |
| 163 | 12-2a. Termination for Default |
| 164 | 12-2b. Termination for Convenience |
| 166 | 12-2c. Notice of Termination 12-3. Private Clauses 12-3a. Termination for Cause |
| 167 | 12-3b. Suspension for Convenience 12-3c. Termination by Contractor |
| 168 | 12-4. Conclusion |
| 169 | 13. CONCLUSION 13-1. The Claims, Changes, and Dispute Resolution Process 13-2. Roles of Construction Team |
| 171 | 13-2a. Contractor’s Role 13-2b. Designer’s Role 13-2c. Owner’s and Owner’s Representatives’Roles 13-3. Role of Alternative Dispute Resolution |
| 172 | 13-4. Legal Considerations |
| 173 | 13-5. Use of Experts 13-6. Claims Consciousness |
| 176 | APPENDICES 1. Contract Disputes Act of 1978/FAR 33.2 |
| 181 | 2. Relevant FAR Clauses—Subparts 52 and 33 |
| 203 | 3. AIAA201 |
| 209 | 4. EJCDC Selected Clauses (1910-8) |
| 220 | 5. Site Investigations Report Form |
| 222 | 6. Restatement of Contracts |
| 223 | 7. Overtime Statistic References |
| 224 | 8. Daily Production Report Form |
| 225 | 9. Change Order Initiation Form |
| 228 | 10. Change Order Status Report |
| 229 | 11. Schedule Cover Letter |
| 230 | 12. ACG/ASA/ASC Selected Clauses |
| 237 | 13. Flat Rate System |
| 239 | 14. Pricing Formats |
| 240 | 15. Pricing Checklist |
| 241 | 16. Productivity Charts Construction Operations Learning Chart |
| 242 | Crowding Loss Curve Efficiency Loss |
| 243 | Composite Effects of Crew Overloading Unproductive Labor at Crew Overloading |
| 244 | BLS#917 |
| 245 | Cumulative Effect on Overtime |
| 246 | 17. Cost Principles—F.A.R. Clauses |
| 255 | 18. ASBCA ADR Sample Forms |
| 262 | 19. DART Declaration |
| 264 | 20. Index to Legal Citations |
| 268 | BIBLIOGRAPHY/REFERENCES |
| 270 | INDEX A B C D |
| 271 | E F G I M N P R |
| 272 | S T Z |
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